Whether purchasing from a private seller or a licensed dealer, prospective vehicle buyers in Missouri must navigate various requirements unique to the state. Understanding these regulations is critical for a smooth and legal transaction.
The Missouri Department of Revenue (DOR) provides specific requirements to guide customers through the process. The buyer must verify ownership and secure the vehicle's inspection documentation. They are also responsible for handling the ownership transfer and obtaining license plates and registration.
Additionally, buyers should be aware of the legal protections they have when buying vehicles for their peace of mind. From the buyer's guide provided by dealers to the state's Lemon Law, these protections are designed to safeguard the interests of consumers.
By understanding and following these requirements, buyers can avoid potential pitfalls and enjoy their newly purchased vehicles.
What Is the Process for Buying a Car in Missouri?
Buying a car in Missouri involves several crucial steps that vary slightly depending on whether the purchase is from a private seller or a licensed dealer. Prospective buyers must know both options' specific state requirements and procedures to guarantee a successful purchase.
Buying a Vehicle from a Private Seller in Missouri
Purchasing a vehicle from a private seller in Missouri offers potential cost savings but requires a unique set of considerations. Purchasers must understand the following to be successful on their car-buying journey:
Title Check
The importance of conducting a title check when purchasing a vehicle from a private seller in Missouri cannot be overstated.
Verifying ownership through a title check is essential to avoid legal complications and protect the buyer's investment. It confirms that the seller has the legal right to sell the vehicle and that there are no disputes or outstanding claims on the title.
Moreover, a title is necessary for future requirements. Upon a successful purchase, the title becomes a critical document that must be presented to the DOR for proper registration and obtaining a new title in the buyer's name.
To conduct a title check, buyers can request the title from the seller and carefully examine it for accuracy and completeness. If the seller does not possess a title, visiting a Missouri License Office is necessary.
Vehicle History Report
Performing a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) check and securing a vehicle history report (VHR) is crucial when purchasing a vehicle from a private seller in Missouri.
A VHR offers vital insights into the vehicle's background. It can unveil past accidents or damages the car may have encountered, help identify potential title issues like salvage, total loss, or flood titles, and detect odometer fraud. Moreover, a VHR sheds light on previous ownership and usage, offering valuable context about the vehicle's journey.
Buyers can perform a VIN check and obtain a VHR through the National Motor Vehicles Title Information System (NMVTIS)'s approved third-party data providers. Typically, these providers will require the VIN or license plates and a service fee.
Alternatively, buyers may request a Motor Vehicle Record from the DOR by contacting 573-526-3669 and selecting Option 3.
Odometer Disclosure Statement
When purchasing a vehicle from a private party in Missouri, buyers must obtain an Odometer Disclosure, as it is needed when transferring the title.
This statement certifies the vehicle's exact mileage at the time of sale. By ensuring an accurate mileage record, the Odometer Disclosure Statement helps maintain the vehicle's actual retail value when it is sold.
In Missouri, the Odometer Disclosure Statement is typically found on the back of the vehicle's certificate of title, specifically in the assignment section. However, if the certificate of title does not provide adequate space for the necessary odometer information, it must be accompanied by a completed Odometer Disclosure Statement (Form 3019) or other acceptable forms.
The Odometer Disclosure Statement is mandatory. Beginning on January 1, 2021, motor vehicles starting from model year 2011 must have their mileage disclosed during the transfer of ownership until the car reaches 20 years old or unless it is exempted.
Among the vehicles exempted are those with a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 16,000 pounds and cars at least 10 years old and from the model year 2010 or earlier.
Safety Inspection Certificate
Prospective buyers must prioritize the acquisition of a safety inspection certificate when navigating private vehicle purchases in Missouri. This pivotal step serves multiple purposes and is significant for a seamless transaction.
Obtaining the certificate facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the vehicle's condition, effectively uncovering any concealed mechanical issues or indications of damage. Furthermore, it provides buyers with invaluable reassurance regarding the vehicle's adherence to stringent safety standards.
Moreover, this certificate complies with Missouri's regulations since it is needed for most vehicle registrations.
Note that the validity of a safety inspection certificate extends for only 60 days, and certain exemptions from the safety inspection requirement apply.
Emissions Inspection Certificate
Besides securing a safety inspection certificate, prospective buyers must also obtain an emissions inspection certificate from private sellers. This process safeguards buyers from purchasing vehicles with undisclosed emissions issues, promoting transparency and accountability in vehicle transactions.
The emissions testing is mandatory in St. Louis City, St. Louis County, St. Charles County, and Jefferson County. Specifically, it applies to gas-powered vehicles weighing 8,500 pounds or less from 1996 onwards and diesel-powered vehicles from 1997 onwards.
Within 60 days of the emissions test, the certificate must be utilized for registration. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the denial of vehicle registration, rendering it illegal to operate the vehicle without valid emissions certification.
Ownership Transfer
When purchasing a vehicle from a private seller in Missouri, obtaining the vehicle's certificate of title is paramount for a smooth ownership transfer. This certificate serves as official documentation that the buyer now holds the ownership rights to the vehicle.
To properly transfer ownership, the title assignment must be completed and accurately assigned to the buyer.
This involves providing information such as the purchaser(s) name and address, date of sale, vehicle model, sale price, trade-in details, odometer reading, and the signatures and hand-printed names of both the sellers and buyers. If there is a lienholder involved, their information should also be included.
Once all the required information is provided, the buyer can obtain the title certificate from the seller. With the title in hand, the purchaser can visit any Missouri License Office and submit the necessary documents to apply for a new title in their name.
License Plates and Registration
Once the buyer holds the certificate of title and other necessary documents, they are responsible for registering the newly purchased vehicle and obtaining license plates. Simultaneously, the seller must remove the license plates from the car.
In Missouri, the buyer has a grace period of 30 days after the purchase date to complete the registration process. However, failing to title the vehicle within this timeframe incurs a penalty. The penalty starts at $25 on the 31st day after purchase and increases by $25 for every subsequent 30-day period, with a maximum penalty capped at $200.
To register the vehicle and obtain license plates, the buyer must visit a Missouri License Office. They must bring the certificate of title, an Application for Missouri Title and License (Form 108), an odometer disclosure statement, a safety inspection certificate, and an emissions inspection certificate, if applicable.
Additionally, buyers must be prepared to pay any applicable fees to finalize the registration process.
Bill of Sale
While only required from sellers, buyers are highly recommended to keep a Bill of Sale when buying a vehicle from a private party in Missouri. This legal documentation proves that the buyer owns the vehicle, provides peace of mind, and protects against any future ownership disputes.
The Bill of Sale includes information about the vehicle, such as the make, model, year, and VIN. It also states the agreed-upon purchase price, which can help prevent misunderstandings or disagreements.
Buying a Vehicle from a Licensed Dealer in Missouri
Opting to buy from a licensed dealer offers a range of advantages compared to private sellers when purchasing a vehicle in Missouri.
Dealing with a licensed dealer provides security and reliability, as state regulations and consumer protection laws bind these entities. Additionally, purchasing from a licensed dealer typically comes with the assurance of warranties and other protections, which is advantageous for the buyers regarding the condition and longevity of their investment.
Licensed Dealer Check
According to Missouri Revised Statutes Section 301.559, it is illegal for any person to engage in business as a motor vehicle dealer without obtaining a license from the DOR. Hence, buyers must verify the dealer's license before purchasing a vehicle to ensure a safe and legitimate transaction.
To determine if a dealer is licensed, customers can visit their nearest licensing office and inquire about the specific dealer. The licensing office can provide information regarding the dealer's licensing status and confirm whether the dealer operates legally.
Buyer's Guide
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issues a Buyer's Guide that provides essential information for buyers when purchasing a vehicle from a licensed dealer in Missouri. Customers must familiarize themselves with this guide to make informed decisions and protect their interests.
The Buyer's Guide discloses essential details about the vehicle, including its make, model, model year, and VIN. Additionally, the guide provides the name and address of the dealership and the contact information of the person to be contacted in case of complaints.
Warranty information is also included in the Buyer's Guide. It outlines the available warranty options and specifies the warranty coverage.
For buyers to access this vital information, the FTC mandates that the Buyer's Guide be prominently and conspicuously displayed on or in the vehicle when it is available for sale. This means the guide must be easily visible and readable on both sides, allowing buyers to review it before purchasing.
Warranties
Warranties are important when purchasing a vehicle from a licensed dealer in Missouri. They are legally binding agreements between buyers and sellers regarding the condition and performance of a product, such as a vehicle.
As the FTC mandates, the Buyer's Guide must provide detailed warranty information prominently displayed on the vehicle. This guide can assist buyers by clearly outlining warranty terms, including whether the car is sold "as is" or with a warranty.
Buyers must thoroughly understand the warranty of the vehicle they buy. They must know what repairs or replacements the dealer will cover within a specified timeframe. Failure to comprehend warranties could lead to unexpected repair costs or even disputes with the dealer.
Missouri Lemon Law
The Missouri Lemon Law, also called the Missouri New Vehicles Warranty Law, applies to new vehicles sold at car dealers in Missouri. It protects consumers who purchase new vehicles with significant defects that render the vehicle non-compliant with the manufacturer's express warranty.
For a vehicle to be eligible for lemon law protection in Missouri, it must have a defect that makes it non-conformant with the written warranty, and this defect must seriously impair the vehicle's use, value, or safety. Additionally, the defect must occur within the term of the manufacturer's original warranty and must not result from damage caused after the purchase.
The car dealership or manufacturer must take action if a vehicle meets the criteria of a lemon. They must either make a reasonable number of attempts to repair the car or repair it within a reasonable number of days.
If the repairs are unsuccessful, the manufacturer must offer to replace the vehicle with an identical or equivalent acceptable vehicle or allow the consumer to return the car for a full refund, minus a reasonable allowance for mileage.
If the manufacturer fails to repair the car satisfactorily, consumers can proceed with the dispute settlement process, such as arbitration, listed in the vehicle's paperwork. If the issue remains unresolved, a lemon lawsuit can be filed through the courts.
What Are the Fees for Buying a Car in Missouri?
Individuals must be aware of several fees when buying a vehicle in Missouri. These are typically settled at the time of purchase or registration of the car. Here is a breakdown of the most common fees:
Sales Tax
When purchasing a vehicle in Missouri, buyers must pay sales tax based on the purchase price. The current statewide sales tax rate is 4.225%, but additional sales tax can apply depending on counties or municipalities.
One can use the Missouri Sales and Use Tax Lookup Tool to determine the specific sales tax at a particular address in Missouri.
Title Fee
The current title fee in Missouri is $8.50
Registration Fee
The registration fee in the state depends on the taxable horsepower for passenger vehicles and weight for commercial vehicles. Refer to the Registration Fees page on the MO DOR website for a comprehensive list of applicable fees.
Processing Fee
A $6 processing fee applies for both the title and registration processes.
What Are the Insurance Requirements for Vehicles in Missouri?
In Missouri, vehicle owners and drivers must maintain motor vehicle liability insurance coverage. This insurance coverage must be proven when registering a vehicle or renewing license plates.
The purpose of liability insurance is to provide coverage for injuries or property damage that may result from the actions of the insured individual. The minimum level of coverage mandated by Missouri state law includes:
- $25,000 per person for bodily injury
- $50,000 per accident for bodily injury
- $25,000 per accident for property damage
Driving without automobile liability insurance is illegal in Missouri. Failure to provide proof of insurance can result in several consequences, such as losing driving privileges, license suspensions, and fines.
To comply with the law and avoid penalties, it is essential to maintain the required insurance coverage and keep proof of insurance readily available at all times while operating a motor vehicle in Missouri.
Can a Non-Resident Buy a Car in Missouri?
Non-residents can purchase and register vehicles in Missouri, but they must be aware of the specific requirements and restrictions.
When it comes to purchasing a vehicle, non-residents have the same options as Missouri residents. They can buy a car from a dealership or a private seller. However, the registration process for non-residents differs slightly.
If non-residents plan to register the vehicle in their home state, they must adhere to the requirements set by their state and pay the relevant sales tax.
On the other hand, if they choose to register the vehicle in Missouri, they can obtain a temporary permit (from the dealership where they purchased the vehicle) that is valid for 30 days.
Within this timeframe, they must complete the registration application, which requires gathering necessary documents such as the original title, application form, identification number and odometer inspection, safety inspection, emission inspection (if applicable), and proof of insurance.
Non-residents must submit these documents to any Missouri License Office and pay the state and local sales tax and other fees to complete the registration.